1.Ukudonswa kwepayipi
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukwehluleka kokudonsa emuva:
(1) Hlola wonke amathuluzi okubhoboza ngamehlo ngaphambi kokuthiukubhoboza okuqondile okuvundlilesebenza, futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kokutholwa kwamaphutha (ukuhlolwa kwe-Y-ray noma i-X-ray, njll.) kumathuluzi amakhulu okubhoboza njengemibhobho yokubhoboza, ama-reamers, namabhokisi okudlulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mifantu nokuthi amandla ahlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha.
(2) Ububanzi bokugcina bokubhoboza bungaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-1.5 zepayipi lokudonsa. Uchungechunge lokuxhumanisa lokubhoboza kwepayipi: ikhanda lamandla – ukuvikelwa kwekhanda lamandla i-nipple – ipayipi lokudonsa – i-reamer – ijoyinti elijikelezayo – indandatho enomumo ongu-U – ikhanda letrakta – umugqa oyinhloko, ongaqinisekisa ukuthi amandla amaningi okudonsa asetshenziswa emandleni okudonsa ngesikhathi senqubo yokudonsa futhi aqinisekise impumelelo yokubhoboza. Lapho umisa ukubhoboza, ithuluzi lokubhoboza kufanele lixhunywe ngokushesha, futhi isikhathi sokuma kwethuluzi lokubhoboza emgodini wokuhlola kufanele sifinyezwe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi akufanele sidlule amahora ama-4. Uma kwenzeka ukuma, udaka kufanele lufakwe emgodini ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kulondolozwe ukugeleza kodaka emgodini.
(3) Ngaphambi kokuba ipayipi lidonswe emuva, umshini wokubhoboza, ithuluzi lokubhoboza, uhlelo lokusekela udaka kanye neminye imishini kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kugcinwe kahle (kufakwe amarekhodi okulungisa nokulungisa) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini wokubhoboza kanye nohlelo lwawo lwamandla usebenza kahle futhi usebenza kahle. Hlanza ipayipi lokubhoboza ngodaka ngaphambi kokudonsa emuva ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho lutho olungaphandle epayipini lokubhoboza; Uhlelo lodaka lubushelelezi futhi ingcindezi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokubhoboza emuva. Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza emuva, yenza isifutho sokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umlomo wamanzi uvuliwe. Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza emuva, faka udaka olufanele ngokwemigomo yokubhoboza, wehlise ukungqubuzana phakathi kwepayipi lokubhoboza kanye nedwala lodonga lomgodi, wandise ukugcotshwa kwepayipi, wehlise izinga lokushisa lokungqubuzana kwepayipi lokubhoboza, futhi uqinisekise impumelelo yokubhoboza emuva.
Izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba lokuvimbela ukugqwala lombhobho alonakali lapho umgodi unwetshwa futhi udonswa emuva
(1) Uma ubhoboza umgodi wokuhlola, yenza umsebenzi wokwakha ngokwezidingo zomklamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umgodi wokuhlola ubushelelezi futhi uyisicaba, futhi ugweme amakhona amaningi. Uma uhudula emuva, ububanzi be-reamer esetshenzisiwe bukhulu ngokuphindwe ka-1.5 kunobubanzi bepayipi eliwela ukuze unciphise ukumelana nokuhudula futhi unciphise isimo sokuklwebheka phakathi kwepayipi nodonga lwembobo.
(2) Faka indawo yokuwasha imigodi ukuze uhlanze ezinye izingcezu emgodini futhi unciphise ukungqubuzana kwepayipi emgodini.
(3) Isilinganiso sodaka siyashintsha ngokwezimo zejiyoloji. Udaka luyaphathwa ngesikhathi sokudonswa emuva, bese kufakwa inani elithile lokugcoba ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana kokungqubuzana phakathi kwepayipi kanye nodonga lwembobo. Ukuxinana kodaka kumele kulungiswe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokwesimo sangempela. Ngokwezinguquko zejiyoloji, ukuxinana kwesilinganiso sodaka kanye nokucindezela kulungiswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kanti isilinganiso sodaka sisetshenziselwa ukumisa ipayipi odakeni ngesikhathi sokudonswa emuva ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana.
(4) Ngemva kokuthi ukuxubha kabusha sekuqediwe, qala uhlole ipayipi elidonsa emuva. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba oluvimbela ukugqwala luphelele futhi akukho ukuphazamiseka kwezenhlalo, ngokwezimo zendawo, ipayipi liyamiswa ngokumba imisele ethumelayo kanye nezinqwaba zenhlabathi ukuvikela ungqimba oluvimbela ukugqwala lwepayipi.
(5) Uma ipayipi lidonswa emuva, beka indawo yokuthola ungqimba olulwa nokugqwala amamitha angu-30 ngaphambi kokuba ipayipi lingene emgodini (noma ngokwesimo sangempela endaweni), bese uhlela abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuthi bahlanze ubuso bengqimba yokulwa nokugqwala ngaphambi kwendawo yokuthola, ukuze kube lula ngabasebenzi endaweni yokuthola ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokuthola ukuvuza kwe-EDM ukuthi ngabe kukhona imihuzuko noma ukuvuza kungqimba olulwa nokugqwala, futhi ulungise umonakalo ngesikhathi lapho kutholakala imihuzuko nokuvuza, ukuze kugwenywe ukungena emgodini.
2.Indlela yokulinganisa, ukubuyisa kanye
tizilinganiso zokulungiswa kodaka
Ukulungiswa kodaka:
Isilinganiso sodaka sidlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni yokuwela. Ukuqina kokwakheka kodaka lwephrojekthi kuzosuselwa emidwebweni yokuklama kanye nedatha yokuhlola i-geological, ngokuya ngokwabiwa kokuqina kodaka okuhlukile kwezigaba ezahlukene, enkambisweni yokubhoboza imigodi yokuqondisa, kufanele kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo ezinhle ze-rheological, ukusebenza kokugcoba; Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza kabusha, ukuqina kodaka kuzolungiswa kangcono ngokuya ngerekhodi eliqondisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udaka lunamandla okuthwala amaqabunga aqinile kanye nokuvikelwa kodonga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esigabeni ngasinye sokwakhiwa kokuqondisa, ukuphinda ukubopha kabusha kanye nokubuyisela emuva, ngokusho kwedatha yangempela, engeza i-ejenti yokuqinisa udonga, i-viscosifier, i-lubricant, i-ejenti yokuhlanza ama-chip kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo, khulisa ukuqina kodaka kanye nokufakwa kwesimende, uthuthukise ukuzinza komgodi, uvimbele ukuwa kodonga lwembobo, ukuvuza kwe-slurry kanye nezinye izinto, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi iqedwa kahle. Izinto zodaka ikakhulukazi ziyi-bentonite (enobungani nemvelo), futhi ukwakheka kodaka kuncike ezimweni zenhlabathi ezibhekene nazo lapho kubhobozwa. Kulo msebenzi ngokwakhiwa okuyinhloko, ukulungiswa kodaka kwenkomba eyinhloko.
Ukulungiswa nokwelashwa kodaka:
Ukuze kulawulwe ngempumelelo inani lodaka, kuvikelwe imvelo, ngangokunokwenzeka kusetshenziswe udaka olunobungani nemvelo, kusetshenziswe kabusha, kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kodaka olungcolile, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvinjelwe ukungcola kodaka, kusetshenziswe kabusha ukwelashwa kwemvelo kwangaphandle ngesikhathi esifanele, izinyathelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
(1) Qondisa udaka oluvikela imvelo olubuya emhlabathini luye ohlelweni olujikelezayo, futhi ngokusebenzisa ithangi elijikelezayo kanye nethangi lokuthungwa, izingcezu zokubhoboza zizovuthwa ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokuhlanza oyinhloko. Ngemva kokuhlanzwa kokuqala, udaka lugeleza echibini lodaka ukuze lume. Ukuze kusheshiswe ukuna kwezinhlayiya, kubekwa i-baffle echibini lodaka ukuze kushintshwe iphethini yokugeleza futhi kubhubhise isakhiwo odakeni, ukuze kube lula ukuna kwezingcezu zokubhoboza.
(2) Hlela abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuhlola umugqa, baqinise umbono wokuhlola, futhi uma kukhona indawo yokuvuza kwe-slurry, hlela abasebenzi ukuthi bakhe i-cofferdam endaweni lapho i-slurry ivuza khona ukuze bayivale futhi bayisuse ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze kuvinjelwe i-slurry ukuthi ingachichimi futhi ububanzi be-slurry bukhule. Iyaqoqwa bese idonswa yiloli yethangi iye emgodini wodaka endaweni yokwakha.
(3) Ngemva kokuba ukwakhiwa sekuqediwe, udaka olusemgodini wodaka endaweni yokwakha luhlukaniswa nodaka namanzi, bese udaka olusele luthuthwa luyiswe ngaphandle ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo.
3. Izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezikhethekile
Uhlelo lokunamathisela i-rig yokubhoboza:
Enkambisweni yokubhoboza ngendlela eqondile, ngenxa yokungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo sokwakheka komhlabathi, i-rig yokubhoboza ithintwa kakhulu amandla okusabela kwepayipi lokubhoboza emgodini ngesikhathi sokushintshashintsha nokubuyisela emuva. Ukwanda okungazelelwe kokucindezeleka kungabangela ukungazinzi kwe-rig yokubhoboza ngisho nengozi ye-rig yokubhoboza ewela phansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kwesistimu yokubhoboza ye-rig yokubhoboza kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesipiliyoni sale phrojekthi kanye nokwakhiwa kwangaphambilini, uhlelo lokubhoboza lwe-rig yokubhoboza luthuthukisiwe, ikakhulukazi kanje:
(1) Beka i-ground anchor emgodini, bese umugqa ophakathi webhokisi le-ground anchor uhambisana ne-crossing axis. Ingxenye ephezulu yebhokisi le-ground anchor ihambisana nomhlabathi wemvelo, kanti incazelo yokumba yebhokisi le-ground anchor ingu-6m×2m×2m.
(2) I-tubular tail anchor ifakwe amamitha ayi-6 ngemuva kwebhokisi le-ground anchor, futhi ibhokisi le-ground anchor kanye ne-tail anchor kuxhunywe ngezinduku zokuxhuma. Ngemva kokuba i-tail anchor ixhunywe, umhlaba uyagcwaliswa, futhi inhlabathi ezungeze i-anchor icindezelwa ngomshini nangokwenziwa. Khulisa amandla okuthwala enhlabathini.
(3) Faka isigxobo esingamamitha ayi-6 ubude ohlangothini ngalunye lwebhokisi le-anchor yomhlabathi ukuze uvimbele umzimba oyinhloko ukuthi ungatsheki.
(4) Faka ipayipi lensimbi elingu-6×0.8m ekugcineni ngakunye kwesigxobo ukuze wandise indawo yokucindezeleka yonke indawo futhi unciphise ingcindezi.
(5) Ngemva kokufakwa, ipuleti lensimbi kufanele libekwe ohlelweni lokubambelela, futhi i-rig kufanele ipakwe ngaphezu kwepuleti lensimbi.
I-Gookma Technology Industry Company Limitediyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nomkhiqizi ohamba phambili weumshini wokubhoboza oqonde ngqo ovundlileeShayina.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-15-2023